Introduction
Decreased tear production is called as dry eye because it feels the eyes becoming dried up. Tears give natural lubrication to eyes and they help flush the waste products out of the eyes. So dry eye might lead to a higher chance forgetting inflammatory conditions of the eyes as well.
Signs and symptoms of Decreased tear production (Dry eye)
- Burning or stinging sensation in the eyes
- Reddish discolouration of the eyes
- Running eyes or watery eyes
- Excess mucous that is stringy in nature inside and around the eyes
- Eyes become light-sensitive and difficulty to drive during night time
- A feeling that something is in the eye
- Irritation during wearing the contact lenses
Causes of Decreased tear production (Dry eye)
Many environmental factors play a great role in the development of dry eyes as well as internal. Some of them include old age, allergic conditions of the eyes, rheumatoid arthritis, hormone imbalances, vitamin A deficiency and SLE.
Pathophysiology of Decreased tear production (Dry eye)
Though it can develop due to a variety of reasons, dry eyes include such mechanisms like the increased osmolarity of the tear film and the inflammation of areas like the ocular surface or the lacrimal gland pathologically. It can develop in two ways when analysed the pathophysiology, one with decreased tear production or secretion known as Aqueous-deficient dry eye and the other is due to increased evaporation of the tear known as the hyper evaporative dry eye.
Diagnosis of Decreased tear production (Dry eye)
Case history taking
Physical examination
Slit lamp examination
Tear osmolarity test
The markers for the condition of dry eye include higher level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and or with a decreased level of lactoferrin.
Treatments for Decreased tear production (Dry eye)
Medications to correct any associated organic condition like diabetes or thyroid dysfunction.
Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce eye lid inflammation
If cornea is inflamed, eye drops are used to correct that
Artificial tears in the form of drops or inserts
Medicines that stimulate tear production
Nasal sprays that increase tear production
In some rare cases eye drops are made from the ingredients collected from the patient’s blood
Prognosis of Decreased tear production (Dry eye)
Usually, dry eye responds well to medications, though it needs a long-term application of eye drops or other medications
Complications of Decreased tear production (Dry eye)
When not diagnosed and treated in the early stages, dry eye may lead to severe complications like inflammation of the eyes, abrasion or ulcer in the cornea and eventually loss of vision. The condition might affect day-to-day activity like reading, and lead to a poor quality of life.
Decreased tear production (Dry eye) and Ayurveda
Kricchronmeela
Sushkakshipaka
Dry eyes are understood as Vaata or Pitta dominanace in the eyes due to various reasons. They might increase Guna or qualities like Ruksha (dryness) or Ushna(hot) respectively in the eyes, that can lead to Dry Eyes. Tears or Asru is considered as the co-product of dhatus like Rasa, Medas and Majja.
Nidana-Ayurvedic causes
Any internal or environmental factors leading to the vitiation of Pitta or Vaata inside the eyes
Poorvarupa- Ayurvedic premonitory signs and symptoms
Not mentioned
Samprapti-Ayurvedic pathogenesis
Due to various nidana factors, the rukshaguna increased in the eyes lead to Vaata kopa in eyes. As the tears are similar with Kapha in quality, the vitiated Vaata dries up it and manifests dry eyes.
Lakshana – Ayurvedic signs and symptoms
Pain and difficulty to open lids while waking up
Gritty sensation inside the eye
Problem with moving the lids
Watery eyes
Pricking pain
Dryness, redness and inflammatory response
Visual disturbances
Sadhyasadhyata-Ayurvedic prognosis
Saadhya or Yaapya in chronic cases
Chikitsa-Ayurvedic treatment
Samana
Sirodhara
Sirovasti
Nasya(brumhana)
Netraascyotanam
Netra tarpanam
Sodhana
Virecanam
Vamanam
Commonly used Ayurvedic medicines
Jeevaneeyaganam ghrtam
Vasaanjanam
Himalaya-ophtha care
Home remedies
Wash eyes with normal and clean water often
Diet and behaviour
Eat light warm food with heathy edible oils and ghee in moderate quantity
Include milk and milk products
Eat Indian gooseberry, carrots cabbages and other healthy vegetables and fruits
Avoid junk foods, tinned foods, and stale food items
Yoga and Pranayama
Anuloma villoma pranayama
Nadisuddhi pranayama
Trataka
Netra vyayama
Sookshma Sandhi vyayama
Vajrasana
Research papers
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332698211_AYURVEDIC_MANAGEMENT_OF_DRY_EYE-A_CASE_STUDY
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157110/
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